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}} Ramón Antonio Gerardo Estévez (born August 3, 1940), better known by his stage name Martin Sheen, is an American actor who first achieved fame with roles in the films ''Badlands'' (1973) and ''Apocalypse Now'' (1979). Other notable films in Sheen's career include ''Gandhi'' (1982), ''Gettysburg'' (1993), ''The Departed'' (2006), and ''The Amazing Spider-Man'' (2012). He also starred in the television series ''The West Wing'' (1999–2006) as President Josiah Bartlet. In film, he has won the Best Actor award at the San Sebastián International Film Festival for his performance as Kit Carruthers in ''Badlands.'' His portrayal of Capt. Willard in ''Apocalypse Now'' earned a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor. Sheen has worked with a wide variety of film directors, such as Richard Attenborough, Francis Ford Coppola, Terrence Malick, David Cronenberg, Mike Nichols, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Oliver Stone. He has had a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame since 1989. In television, he has won both a Golden Globe and two Screen Actors Guild awards for playing the role of President Josiah Bartlet in ''The West Wing,'' and an Emmy for guest starring in the sitcom ''Murphy Brown.'' Born and raised in the United States by immigrant parents, he adopted the stage name Martin Sheen to help him gain acting parts. He is the father of four children (Emilio, Ramón, Carlos (aka Charlie Sheen), and Renée), all of whom are actors, as is his younger brother Joe Estevez. Although known as an actor, Sheen also has directed one film, ''Cadence'' (1990), appearing alongside sons Charlie and Ramón. He has narrated, produced, and directed documentary television, earning two Daytime Emmy awards in the 1980s. In addition to film and television, Sheen has been active in liberal politics. ==Early life== Sheen was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of Mary-Ann (née Phelan; 1903–1951) and Francisco Estévez Martinez (1898–1974). During birth, Sheen's left arm was crushed by forceps, giving him limited lateral movement of that arm, which is shorter than his right.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MARTIN SHEEN: THE ELDER STATESMAN )〕 Both of Sheen's parents were immigrants; his mother from Borrisokane, County Tipperary, Ireland; and his father was born in Parderrubias, Galicia, Spain.〔 After moving to Dayton in the 1930s, his father was a factory worker/machinery inspector at the National Cash Register Company. Sheen grew up on Brown Street in the South Park neighborhood, one of ten children (nine boys and a girl).〔 Due to his father's work, the family lived in Bermuda on St. John's Road, Pembroke where five of his brothers were born. Martin was the first child to be born in Dayton, Ohio, after the family returned from Bermuda. Sheen contracted polio as a child and had to remain bedridden for a year. His doctor's treatment using Sister Kenny's method helped cure him and he regained use of his legs. When he was 11, Martin's mother died and the children faced the possibility of living in an orphanage or foster homes. The family was able to remain together with the assistance of Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Dayton. Raised as a Catholic, he graduated from Chaminade High School (now Chaminade Julienne Catholic High School).〔〔 :(''"the actor born Ramón Antonio Gerard Estévez is a devout Roman Catholic"'')〕 Sheen was the first of the children born in the United States. At age 14 he organized a strike of golf caddies while working at a private golf club in Dayton, Ohio. He complained about the golfers: "They often used obscene language in front of us. . . . we were little boys and they were abusive . . . anti-Semitic . . . And they, for the most part, were upstanding members of the community." Sheen was drawn to acting at a young age, but his father disapproved of his interest in the field. Despite his father's opposition, Sheen borrowed money from a Catholic priest and moved to New York City in his early twenties, hoping to make it as an actor.〔 He spent two years in the Living Theatre company. It was in New York that he met the legendary Catholic activist Dorothy Day. Working with her Catholic Worker Movement, he began his commitment to social justice,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Prairie Home Companion )〕 and would one day go on to play Peter Maurin, cofounder of the Catholic Worker Movement, in ''Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story''. Sheen deliberately failed the entrance exam for the University of Dayton so that he could pursue his acting career.〔 He adopted his stage name, Martin Sheen, from a combination of the CBS casting director, Robert Dale Martin, who gave him his first big break, and the televangelist archbishop, Fulton J. Sheen.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The True Identity of Charlie Sheen: Tracing The Roots of The Estevez Family )〕 In a 2003 Inside the Actors Studio interview, Sheen explained, Whenever I would call for an appointment, whether it was a job or an apartment, and I would give my name, there was always that hesitation and when I'd get there, it was always gone. So I thought, I got enough problems trying to get an acting job, so I invented Martin Sheen. It's still Estevez officially. I never changed it officially. I never will. It's on my driver's license and passport and everything. I started using Sheen, I thought I'd give it a try, and before I knew it, I started making a living with it and then it was too late. In fact, one of my great regrets is that I didn't keep my name as it was given to me. I knew it bothered my dad.〔Stated in interview on ''Inside the Actors Studio'', May 18, 2003〕〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martin Sheen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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